Improvement in baking-ovens



M. NICHOLS.

Baking Oven.

'PatentedFeb. 26,1878.

/XX X 7471 v INVENTOB: (/Z/w %Jfl WITNES SE5 N.FETERS4PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' MOSES NICHOLS; OF NEWBURG, NEW YORK.

IMPROVEMENT lN BAKING-OVENS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 200,625, dated February26, 1878;

January 30, 1878.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, Mosns NIcnoLs, of Newburg, in the county of Orangeand State of New York, have invented a Baking-Oven, of which thefollowing is a specification:

The nature of my invention consists in constructing a brick oven forbaking bread,cake,

crackers, pies, for roasting meat of any kind, and for all purposes forwhich an oven is used, which occupies very little space on the ground,but has three or more stories,.shelves, or apartments, one above theother, so constructed that allare at the same time uniformly heated forthat purpose.

These ovens can be made of different sizes, according to the work theyhave to do; therefore I will not specify any dimensions, but will remarkthat ovens built in this way, in which the baking-room was about two andone-half feet square, did a very large amount of baking as fast as a mancan attend to it.

The walls may be hollow walls, with airspaces between, or solid, builtof brick. The flues are covered with cast-iron plates, as is each ovencovered with similar plates; but these plates are covered in thebaking-room floor with smooth tiles, as the bread is to lie on them, andin the flue-spaces with fire-clay, to protect the iron plates, and toprevent, in

either case, the overheating of the ovens by the flash heat of the fire.

To describe this oven more plainly, I refer to the accompanying drawing,in which- I Figure 1 is a vertical transverse section. Fig. 2 is avertical longitudinal section. Fig. 3 represents a horizontal sectionthrough one of the flues. Fig. 4: is a section through the fire-place.

F represents the fire-place, with the grate; P, the ash-pit below; B,the bridge-wall; D, the first flue-hole for the heat to ascend. Thefire-space F is arched by a brick arch, R, in which are left a number ofsmall holes, i i, for the heat to reach the bottom plate U of the firstoven 0 directly above 7 the fire. This plate U is covered by tiles T, toprevent the bottom of the oven from getting burning-hot.

application filed The heat and flame passes through the hole D in aspace, Z, behind the ovens, and from there in the flue H, between thefirst oven, 0,

v and the second one, 0 as marked by arrows,

going toward the front, and ascending at each front corner through theflues h h to the space H between the second oven, 0 and the third one, 0going toward the rear to the upper part of Z, returningtoward the fronton one side above the third oven, 0 in flue H turning at the front end,and going through flue H to the chimney O. A damper or regulator, G, issituated in the space Z, to .be worked from outside the wall W by handleG, or otherwise, to direct the heat to enter in the flue H or to let apart or all of it go to, the upper part of-Z and enter flue H direct.One flue-hole, S, is made in the front part of the arch B above thefire-space, to let heat pass through flues. S S, situated in the forwardcorners of oven 0, similar to the flues h h above'them, to the space Hbetween the upper ovens O and 0 This heat is regulated by two dampers, Gat the front of the furnace, and can be stopped off or admitted, asrequired. Another regulator of the draft is situated in the chimney G.

The iron plates U U U form the top or ceilings of the ovens, but arecovered on the sides toward the lines with fire-clay or other suitablematerial, so that the ovens cannot get overheated from above; and thebottoms of the ovens are laid with tiles T T T on which to bake.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

The baking-oven built of brick, iron plates, and tiles, consisting ofthree or more apartments, 0 0 0 one above the other, with flues H H H Hbetween and above them, flues S S, single fire-place F below, anddamper-- regulators G G arranged substantially as and for the purposespecified.

v MOSES NICHOLS. v Witnesses:

J. W. GEREGKE,

1. R. J EcKLIN.

